which effectively attracted nanodrugs to its surface, thereby killing cancer cells.

These magnetic implants show an optimistic approach in targeted chemotherapy.

Moreover, magnetic implants can be embedded in the deeper body regions such as

fatty tissue to manage obesity (Saatchi et al. 2017) and in the inner ear to treat

deafness (Le et al. 2017).

17.3.4 In Vivo Magnetofection of Viral Vectors as Virus Stamping

In vivo magnetic NPs associated with different viruses are used to regulate expres-

sion of fluorescent markers or calcium markers in an in vitro or an in vivo model.

This technique employs an electromagnet and is often termed as virus stamping; it

enables targeted single-cell infection with different viruses at the same time

(Schubert et al. 2018; Schubert et al. 2019). Subsequently, lentivirus vector

complexed with magnetic NPs delivered into different organs and cells demonstrated

higher transduction efficiency than other routine techniques. This method is highly

effective for gene transfer in allograft in heart transplantation or acidic stomach

lumen when other physiological barriers like temperature, time of exposure, and

Fig. 17.5 Protocol for in vivo magnetofection (MF) of miRNA in the internal anal sphincter. (a)

miRNA is mixed with magnetic nanoparticles and injected in the perianal region. Magnetic field is

applied inside the anal canal to hold the magnetic nanoparticles at the injection site. (b) Model

shows the positions of perianal injection in circular smooth muscle layer of internal anal sphincter.

Length of injection needle was adjusted with a rubber blocker to ensure that needle only penetrates

unto circular smooth muscle layer

17

Targeted Gene Delivery Through Magnetofection: The New Face of Medicine

311